Your Comprehensive Guide to Handling Water Damage After a Storm in Cape Coral

9/17/2023 (Permalink)

When a storm unleashes its fury, dealing with water damage can become a pressing concern for homeowners.

Florida boasts stunning coastal beauty and a warm climate, but it's no stranger to the challenges that come with stormy weather. When a storm unleashes its fury, dealing with water damage can become a pressing concern for homeowners. From flooding to leaks, water damage can wreak havoc on your property. In this informative guide, we'll walk you through essential steps to effectively manage water damage after a storm, ensuring your home's resilience and your peace of mind.

Safety First

Before you begin addressing water damage, prioritize safety. Ensure that the area is safe to enter, and be cautious of potential electrical hazards. If you're unsure about safety conditions, it's best to wait for professionals to assess the situation.

Document the Damage

Thorough documentation is crucial for insurance claims and restoration processes. Take clear photos and videos of the affected areas, capturing the extent of the damage for reference.

Contact Your Insurance Company

Reach out to your insurance provider as soon as possible to report the damage and initiate the claims process. Familiarize yourself with your policy to understand coverage limits and requirements for documentation.

Mitigate Further Damage

Prevent further water infiltration by temporarily patching leaks or covering damaged areas with tarps. Remove standing water with pumps or wet/dry vacuums to minimize the risk of mold growth.

Professional Assessment

Engage the services of a reputable water damage restoration company, such as our SERVPRO of Cape Coral team. Professionals have the expertise and equipment to thoroughly assess the damage, develop a restoration plan, and prevent long-term issues such as mold growth.

Proper Drying

Effective drying is essential to prevent mold and structural damage. Industrial-grade dehumidifiers and air movers will help remove excess moisture from walls, floors, and furnishings.

Salvaging Personal Items

Prioritize salvaging valuable or sentimental items that may have been affected by water damage. Professional restoration specialists can guide you on the best methods for restoring or preserving these items.

Mold Prevention

Mold can proliferate quickly in humid Florida conditions. Promptly address any signs of mold growth, such as a musty odor or visible spots. Professional mold remediation may be necessary to ensure a safe and healthy environment.

Structural Repairs

Once your property is thoroughly dried, focus on repairing structural damage. Engage qualified contractors to restore walls, flooring, and other affected areas to their pre-damaged condition.

Future Prevention

After the restoration process, take proactive measures to prevent future water damage. Regularly inspect and maintain your home's exterior, including roofing, gutters, and windows. Install proper drainage systems to redirect water away from your property.

Dealing with water damage after a storm in Florida requires a strategic and proactive approach. By following these essential steps, you can effectively mitigate damage, navigate insurance claims, and restore your home to its pre-damaged state. Remember, safety and swift action are key, so enlist the help of professionals when necessary to ensure a thorough and successful restoration process. With these guidelines in hand, you'll be better equipped to handle the aftermath of a storm and protect your cherished Florida property.

A Step-by-Step Guide on How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

8/30/2023 (Permalink)

Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher is essential for everyone's safety.

Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher is essential for everyone's safety. In the event of a small fire eruption, being able to react quickly and effectively with a fire extinguisher can prevent the fire from spreading and potentially save lives. In this blog post, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to use a fire extinguisher properly.

Choose the right fire extinguisher

Fire extinguishers are categorized based on the type of fire they are designed to fight. The most common types are Class A, Class B, and Class C extinguishers. Class A extinguishers are suitable for fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood and paper, while Class B extinguishers are for flammable liquids like gasoline or oil. Class C extinguishers are designed for electrical fires. Ensure you have the appropriate type of extinguisher for the fire you are dealing with.

Before attempting to use a fire extinguisher, evaluate the size and intensity of the fire. If the fire is spreading rapidly, it is best to evacuate the area and call the fire department immediately. Always prioritize your safety and evacuate if there is any doubt about your ability to control the fire.

P.A.S.S. stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep. It is a simple and effective method for using a fire extinguisher.

Pull the pin: Start by pulling the pin located on the top of the extinguisher. This pin serves as a safety device and prevents accidental discharge.

Aim at the base: Next, aim the nozzle of the extinguisher at the base of the fire. Directing the extinguishing agent at the source of the fire is crucial for effective suppression.

Squeeze the handle: With a firm grip on the extinguisher, squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Maintain a steady and controlled flow of the extinguishing agent while aiming at the base of the fire.

Sweep back and forth: Move the extinguisher from side to side, sweeping the extinguishing agent across the base of the fire. Continue until the fire is completely extinguished and no longer emitting smoke or flames. Be sure to cover the entire area that was on fire to prevent re-ignition.

Evacuate and call for help

Once the fire is under control, even if you have successfully extinguished it, it is crucial to evacuate the building and call the fire department. This allows professionals to ensure the fire is completely extinguished and assess any potential hazards.

After using a fire extinguisher, it will need to be recharged or replaced, depending on the type and condition of the extinguisher. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions on maintenance and inspection to ensure your extinguisher is ready for future use.

While knowing how to use a fire extinguisher is essential, it is equally important to receive proper training. Consider taking a fire safety course or attending a training session to gain hands-on experience and knowledge. Remember, safety should always be the top priority, and if a fire is too large or spreading rapidly, evacuate the area immediately and let the professionals handle the situation.

Navigating the Waters: A Step-by-Step Guide to Making a Water Damage Claim

7/17/2023 (Permalink)

Making a claim after a water loss is essential to making sure your company is protected.

Water damage can be a distressing experience for homeowners and property owners. Whether it's a burst pipe, a leaking roof, or a natural disaster, the aftermath of water damage often requires significant repairs and restoration. In such situations, making a water damage claim with your insurance company can help alleviate some of the financial burdens. In this blog post, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to make a water damage claim effectively.

Step 1: Assess the damage and document the evidence

The first step is to assess the extent of the water damage and gather evidence to support your claim. Take photographs or videos of the affected areas, including any damaged belongings or property. This visual evidence will be valuable when communicating with your insurance company.

Step 2: Review your insurance policy

Thoroughly review your insurance policy to understand the coverage for water damage. Pay attention to specific details, such as deductibles, limits, and exclusions. Familiarize yourself with the procedures and requirements for making a claim, as different insurance companies may have varying guidelines.

Step 3: Contact your insurance company

Notify your insurance company about the water damage as soon as possible. Most insurance policies have a specific time frame within which you must report the incident. Provide them with essential details, such as the cause of the damage, the date it occurred, and the affected areas. Follow their instructions regarding the claim process.

Step 4: Document the communication

Maintain a record of all communication with your insurance company. Keep a log of the dates, times, and names of the representatives you speak with. Take notes during conversations, including details discussed and any instructions provided. These records will serve as valuable references throughout the claims process.

Step 5: Mitigate further damage

Take immediate steps to mitigate further damage. This may include drying out the affected areas, removing standing water, or boarding up broken windows or doors. However, only undertake actions that are safe and within your capabilities. Keep records, receipts, and invoices for any expenses incurred during the mitigation process, as these may be eligible for reimbursement.

Step 6: Provide necessary documentation

Your insurance company will likely require specific documentation to process your claim. This may include the evidence you gathered in step 1, a completed claim form, a list of damaged items, and any supporting documents such as repair estimates or invoices. Ensure that you provide all requested information promptly and accurately to avoid delays in the claim settlement.

Step 7: Cooperate with the claims adjuster

An insurance adjuster may visit your property to assess the damage and validate your claim. Cooperate fully with the adjuster, providing them access to the affected areas and any requested documentation. Answer their questions truthfully and provide any additional information they may require. The adjuster's report will play a crucial role in determining the outcome of your claim.

Step 8: Follow up on your claim

Stay in regular contact with your insurance company to inquire about the progress of your claim. Keep track of any claim numbers or reference codes provided. If there are any delays or issues, politely follow up and seek clarification. Maintaining open communication will help ensure that your claim is processed efficiently.

Making a water damage claim requires careful preparation and adherence to the insurance company's procedures. By following this step-by-step guide, you can navigate the claim process more effectively. Remember to document the damage, review your policy, communicate promptly with your insurance company, and provide all necessary documentation. While the claims process may take time, staying organized and proactive will help you achieve a fair settlement and restore your property after water damage.

Understanding the Difference: Mitigation vs. Restoration in Disaster Recovery

6/17/2023 (Permalink)

We will delve into the difference between mitigation and restoration.

In the aftermath of a disaster, whether it's a flood, fire, or severe storm, the terms "mitigation" and "restoration" are frequently used. While they are both crucial aspects of the disaster recovery process, it's important to understand their distinct roles and how they contribute to restoring your property. In this blog, we will delve into the difference between mitigation and restoration, shedding light on their significance in returning your home or business to its pre-disaster state.

Mitigation: Minimizing Damage and Preventing Further Losses

Mitigation is the initial response to a disaster, aimed at minimizing damage and preventing additional losses. It focuses on taking immediate action to secure your property and mitigate any ongoing risks. Mitigation activities may include:

• Boarding up broken windows and doors to prevent further intrusion.
• Extracting water and drying affected areas to prevent mold growth.
• Installing tarps or temporary roofing to prevent further water damage.
• Removing debris and performing necessary structural stabilization measures.

Restoration: Bringing Your Property Back to Pre-Disaster Condition

Restoration comes after the mitigation phase and focuses on the comprehensive process of returning your property to its pre-disaster condition. Restoration activities are aimed at repairing, rebuilding, and restoring your home or business. This typically involves:

• Assessing the extent of the damage and developing a detailed restoration plan.
• Cleaning and sanitizing affected areas to eliminate contaminants.
• Repairing structural damage, including walls, floors, and roofs.
• Restoring damaged systems, such as electrical, plumbing, and HVAC.
• Repainting, replacing flooring, and reinstalling fixtures to restore aesthetics.

The Collaborative Effort: Mitigation and Restoration Working Hand-in-Hand

Mitigation and restoration go hand-in-hand, forming a collaborative effort in the overall disaster recovery process. While mitigation focuses on immediate actions to prevent further damage, restoration addresses the comprehensive repairs needed to fully restore your property. Both phases are crucial and often require the expertise of professional disaster restoration specialists who possess the knowledge, experience, and specialized equipment to handle the tasks efficiently.

Importance of Timely Response: Acting Quickly Saves Time and Money

Understanding the difference between mitigation and restoration emphasizes the importance of a timely response to disasters. Taking immediate action during the mitigation phase helps minimize damage and prevents secondary issues from arising. By addressing the situation promptly, you can save both time and money by avoiding more extensive restoration efforts down the line.

Mitigation and restoration are two essential components of the disaster recovery process. Mitigation focuses on immediate actions to minimize damage and prevent further loss, while restoration encompasses the comprehensive repair and restoration of your property. Working in tandem, these phases aim to bring your home or business back to its pre-disaster state. Remember, it is crucial to engage the services of professional disaster restoration experts who can efficiently handle both mitigation and restoration to ensure a thorough and successful recovery.

If your property has suffered from a disaster, don't hesitate to reach out to our team of experienced disaster restoration specialists. We are here to provide the expertise, support, and swift action needed to mitigate the damage and restore your property, minimizing the impact on your life and helping you regain normalcy as soon as possible.

The Mold vs Mildew Debate: Understanding the Differences and How to Clean Them

5/17/2023 (Permalink)

Mold and mildew are two common types of fungi that can grow in homes and other indoor environments.

Mold and mildew are two common types of fungi that can grow in homes and other indoor environments. While they share some similarities, there are also some key differences between the two. In this blog, we'll explore the differences between mold and mildew.

Appearance

One of the main differences between mold and mildew is their appearance. Mold is usually fuzzy or slimy and can be black, green, white, or other colors. It can have a musty or earthy odor. Mildew, on the other hand, is typically white or gray and appears as a powdery substance. It has a more pungent odor than mold.

Habitat

Mold and mildew also differ in their preferred habitats. Mold tends to thrive in damp, dark environments and can grow on a variety of surfaces, including wood, drywall, and carpet. It can be found in areas with high humidity, leaks, or flooding. Mildew, on the other hand, prefers warm, moist environments and is commonly found in bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms.

Cleaning 

When cleaning mold and mildew protective gear is required. Identifying the type of surface, preparing the cleaning solution, scrubbing the surface, rinsing and drying, and preventing future growth. If the mold and mildew are severe or cover a large area, it's recommended to seek professional cleaning and remediation services.

Removal

Mold and mildew require different removal methods. Mold is more difficult to remove than mildew and typically requires professional remediation services. Mildew can be removed with household cleaning products, such as bleach or vinegar, and regular cleaning can help prevent its growth.

Prevention

Preventing the growth of mold and mildew is key to maintaining a healthy indoor environment. To prevent mold, it's important to address any water damage or leaks promptly and maintain adequate ventilation in your home or business. Reducing humidity levels can also help prevent the growth of mold. To prevent mildew, it's important to keep areas with high moisture levels, such as bathrooms and kitchens, clean and dry.

In summary, mold and mildew are two types of fungi that differ in appearance, habitat, and removal methods. While mildew is less harmful than mold, both can be problematic and should be addressed promptly to prevent their growth and minimize their impact on your home.

How Do Fire Sprinklers Work During a Fire? A Guide to Understanding Fire Sprinkler Systems

4/10/2023 (Permalink)

Fire sprinklers are a crucial component of fire safety systems for your business.

Fire sprinklers are an essential part of fire safety systems in buildings. They are designed to protect people and property from the devastating effects of fires. Sprinklers work by detecting a fire, activating a valve, and releasing water onto the flames. This blog will explain how fire sprinklers work during a fire and how they help prevent fires from spreading.

Fire sprinklers are typically installed in the ceiling of a building. They consist of a network of pipes, valves, and sprinkler heads. The sprinkler heads are the most visible part of the system, and they are designed to detect heat and smoke from a fire. When the temperature in the room reaches a certain level, the sprinkler head will open and release water onto the fire.

The sprinkler system is activated when a fire breaks out in the building. The heat from the flames causes the air in the room to expand, and the pressure in the sprinkler pipe increases. This increase in pressure triggers a valve that opens and releases water from the pipes.

Each sprinkler head is designed to activate individually, depending on the heat level in the room. This means that only the sprinklers closest to the fire will activate, and not all the sprinklers in the building. This is an important feature of fire sprinklers because it means that the water is directed only to the areas where it is needed.

When the sprinkler head opens, it releases water at a predetermined flow rate. The water flows through the pipes and out of the activated sprinkler heads onto the fire. The water helps to extinguish the fire by cooling the flames and reducing the amount of heat that is being generated. As the fire is brought under control, the amount of smoke and heat being generated is reduced, and the sprinkler system will eventually shut off.

Fire sprinklers can be a lifesaver during a fire. They can help prevent fires from spreading by quickly extinguishing the flames. The water from the sprinklers can also help to contain the fire until the fire department arrives.

Fire sprinklers are also beneficial because they can reduce the amount of damage that is caused by a fire. The water from the sprinklers can help to keep the fire from spreading to other parts of the building, and it can also help to minimize the amount of smoke damage that occurs.

In conclusion, fire sprinklers are a crucial component of fire safety systems in buildings. They work by detecting a fire, activating a valve, and releasing water onto the flames. Sprinklers are designed to activate individually, depending on the heat level in the room, so only the sprinklers closest to the fire will activate. Fire sprinklers can help prevent fires from spreading, reduce the amount of damage caused by a fire, and ultimately save lives. It is essential to ensure that fire sprinkler systems are installed, maintained, and inspected regularly to ensure they are working correctly in the event of a fire.

What should I do with my water damaged electronics?

3/13/2023 (Permalink)

We have the experience to restore your electronics after water damage.

You are just about to leave for work, and you realize that there is a leak in your bathroom. You rush to the kitchen sink, grab an empty glass and fill it up with water. You take two steps out of the kitchen and drop the glass on the floor. The glass shatters into pieces, but what worries you is that you can still hear water dripping from the faucet behind you. Your first thought may be: "My electronics!" If your home has experienced water damage from a flood or leaky pipe, then it's important to act quickly to salvage any important items in your home. Here are some tips on what to do if this happens.

Water Damage is quick.

Water damage can happen in an instant, but its effects are long-lasting. If you have water damage to your electronics, the longer you wait to address it, the more it will cost you. Water is one of the most destructive forces, don't wait, call the professionals quick.

If you have experienced any kind of water damage or if your device has been submerged in liquid, give SERVPRO a call quickly. We are available 24/7.

Don't wait.

The longer you wait to address water damage, the more it will cost you. As soon as possible after a spill or other exposure to water, remove the device from its source of moisture and place it somewhere dry. Then begin drying out your device immediately with a towel or paper towel (do not use an electric fan as this may cause more damage).

If your device can still power on after being exposed to water, turn off its power and leave it alone until you can get help from someone who knows what they're doing. If there is any chance that liquid has entered the interior components of your electronic device, for example if there was visible condensation inside when turned back on, you should not attempt any further repairs yourself but instead seek professional assistance immediately.

Contact a professional.

If you're not sure whether or not something needs professional attention, it's best to call a professional as soon as possible. It could cost more money in the long run to try to fix the electronics on your own. Professionals have the experience and equipment to help restore your electronics back immediately. Getting immediate help can save you money and ensure the electronics are restored properly.

Give the professionals a call at SERVPRO of Cape Coral for your water damaged electronics.

Kitchen Fires Can Damage Your HVAC System

2/8/2023 (Permalink)

Call the professionals to assess the damage after a kitchen fire in your Cape Coral home or business.

When a fire starts in your kitchen, it can spread throughout your house quickly. Smoke and soot damage can travel through the ductwork and settle in other areas of your home. This can cause some serious damage that requires cleanup and restoration services after the fact. In some cases, though, it is possible for these types of damages to cause problems with your HVAC system later on such as an unexpected shutdown of heating or cooling.

Kitchen Fires can cause Damage to your home

Kitchen fires can damage your HVAC system. Even if a kitchen fire does not spread beyond the kitchen, the fire and smoke can cause damage to other areas of your home as well. Make sure that all vents are clear before using them again. Remove any debris that might have accumulated in them over time.

Check for leaks or gas smells after use and call for professional help if there is any sign of damage or malfunctioning parts on your heating unit or air conditioner.

Heat Damage from Fire

After a fire, your HVAC could possibly become damaged from the heat of the fire. The heat from the fire could warp or melt some of the parts that make up your system. It is possible for these types of damages to cause problems with your HVAC system later on such as an unexpected shutdown of heating or cooling. Heat from a fire could damage the compressor, the fan motor, or the thermostat.

Homeowners Coverage

Your homeowner’s insurance policy will cover most of the damage done by fires but what it covers when it comes to your HVAC system depends on how old the system is and whether or not you already had coverage in place that specifically covered disasters or fires when they occurred. Make sure to check your homeowners policy for coverage detail.

If your HVAC system is damaged by a kitchen fire, you will need to call in professionals to assess the damage and get it fixed as soon as possible. SERVPRO of Cape Coral offers services for fire and water damage along with HVAC cleaning. We understand the stress and frustration of a loss, but with our professional knowledge and equipment we can restore your home back to pre water and fire loss.

Tips to Minimize Flood Damage in your Home

1/9/2023 (Permalink)

Flooded home in Pine Island, FL.

Flood damage is an unfortunate reality of living on the east coast. It's also one of the most expensive types of home damage, with average losses ranging from $50,000 to over $250,000 depending on the size of your home and its contents. A flood can happen for many reasons: sewer backup or pipe breaks; a natural disaster like rain or flooding; or being in the wrong place at the wrong time such as during a storm surge or a tsunami. Regardless of how it happens, flooding can quickly spread throughout your home destroying everything in its path—especially if you don't take steps now to prepare yourself for potential flooding.

Be Aware of Your Flood Risk

Much like any other disaster, you can't prepare for a flood unless you know the risks and signs of one. Floods vary in size and impact depending on many factors, including how quickly they rise, how much rain falls prior to the storm, if there is heavy snow melt in springtime, or if there are already high water levels due to heavy rains earlier in the season. The best way to protect yourself is by learning about these risks before damage occurs so that when it does happen, you're prepared for it.

If your home floods or is at risk for flooding then knowing what the signs are will help keep your family safe from harm during an emergency situation like this one. When looking at homes with potentially hazardous conditions; look out for cracks or openings where water could enter walls or floors below ground level where pipes connect together under concrete slabs which could pose problems if left unattended too long without being fixed soon enough!

Upgrade Plumbing Components

For the most part, your pipes should be in good shape. But if you suspect that they're not, check for leaks and replace any worn-out components immediately. Old faucets should also be replaced with modern ones that use less water. Look for corroded pipes—these can leak over time and cause more damage than a burst pipe will cause in one go.

If you have an older home with a wellhead, it's worth installing a pressure regulator which will reduce how much pressure is delivered to your home's plumbing system.

Talk to Your Insurance Agent

Contact your insurance agent to find out if your policy covers flood damage, and to determine whether or not you have enough coverage. Your agent can also help you file a claim and address any questions about temporary housing.

Find a Local Restoration Company

The first step in minimizing flood damage is finding a local restoration company that specializes in water damage repair. The best way to do this is by asking friends and family for recommendations, as well as contacting your insurance provider.

Once you’ve found a few companies, it’s time to start comparing their credentials and experience. Look for a company that has been in business for several years, has positive reviews on independent review sites like Yelp and Google Reviews, offers 24/7 emergency services (in case of flooding), provides references from past clients, is licensed and insured and most importantly—is willing to give you an estimate before they begin any work!

The best way to avoid flood damage is to take steps to prevent a flood from ever happening in your Pine Island, FL home.

If you live in a flood zone and have a sump pump, make sure it's working. It's not just the water that can cause damage but also the mud that comes with it. But if your home is in a low-lying area and has no basement to speak of, consider raising it up on stilts or pilings.

If you don't have a sump pump installed in your basement, get one. A good backup generator will allow you to run certain appliances—like refrigerators, freezers, and even lights—during an outage. You should also keep at least three days worth of food at home for use when power is out or supplies are limited due to flooding (e.g., bottled water).

Have an emergency plan: What should I do if my house floods? When will help arrive? How long will we stay here? Where will we go? These are all questions that must be answered before disaster strikes so there aren't any surprises during an actual crisis situation when emotions run high and time becomes short!

In the end, we should all be aware that floods can happen to anyone. It doesn’t matter if your home was built on a floodplain or not; it matters that you take the necessary steps to protect yourself and your family from any damage that may occur during a flood event.

Why is Biohazard PPE Gear important?

12/16/2022 (Permalink)

PPE is used to protect workers from exposure to biological and chemical hazards.

Sometimes, it can seem like there are a million pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) out there. That is actually a good thing! PPE is necessary for your health and safety when you work around dangerous materials or equipment. It's also important to choose the right type of PPE for your situation so that you don’t accidentally put yourself at risk again. In this blog post, we'll walk through the basics of biohazard PPE gear and why it's important for workers who are exposed to bloodborne pathogens at work.

Why is Biohazard PPE Gear important?

Here are the top five reasons why it's important to use Biohazard PPE:

• To protect your health.
• To protect others' health.
• To protect the environment.
• To protect the workplace and product from contamination.

What is the goal of PPE? 

PPE is essential to protect workers from exposure to hazardous materials. The goal of PPE is to prevent a worker from coming into contact with harmful substances, but it can also help protect the worker from other hazards as well. Depending on what kind of hazard you are protecting against, there are several categories of PPE that have been developed over time.

PPE can be used in many different situations, including when working around chemicals and toxic materials, handling pathogens (for example, viruses or bacteria) and even radioactive materials. It’s also useful for protection against physical hazards such as extreme temperatures or dangerous equipment that could cause injury if not equipped properly.

Which are the most common items for PPE?

If a worker is dealing with a hazardous material, it's important to select the right PPE. For example, if you're working with biowaste and your eyes are exposed to these hazards, you'll want to wear goggles. If PPE has been selected properly and worn as instructed by the manufacturer's instructions, it can help prevent injury or illness while doing this type of work.

The most common items used in personal protective equipment (PPE) include: 

• Gloves
• Goggles/face shields/eye protection
• Respirators and face masks. 

You should choose which is best for your situation based on what you'll be doing at work—and how likely it is that there will be exposure to chemicals or harmful organisms.

The type of PPE depends on the hazards present.

PPE is an important part of the safety strategy at any workplace. It’s crucial that you understand the risks and how to protect yourself. It’s also essential that everyone knows how to use their gear properly, so they can keep themselves safe while they work.

PPE is used to protect workers from exposure to biological and chemical hazards. It is not a substitute for good work practices, nor is it a guarantee of protection. The type of PPE (and its limitations) depends on the hazards that workers may be exposed to.